Ultrasound

This technique, which has been around for over 30 years, is very useful in the detection and diagnosis of numerous pathologies of various organs and systems.

It is a painless method that does not emit any radiation. It is completely harmless and generally non-invasive, except for its use in endocavitary studies, where patients may feel some discomfort; however, it is particularly rigorous in the evaluation of prostate and gynecological pathology (e.g., prostate, endometrial, and ovarian neoplasia).

Like all other imaging techniques, it has undergone numerous advancements in recent years, such as the acquisition of 3D/4D images or the constant improvement of image resolution.

Ultrasound or ultrasonography is an imaging technique that uses ultrasound waves. It is used in areas such as the digestive system (liver, pancreas, gallbladder), urinary system (kidneys and bladder), male genital system (prostate, scrotal sac/testicle), female (breast, uterus, and ovaries), and cardiac (echocardiography).

In recent years, it has also been very useful in detecting lesions of the locomotor system (muscles, tendons, joints) before the potential use of other techniques such as CT and MRI.

It is an excellent guiding tool for performing punctures (thyroid, breast), as well as in other areas - e.g., pediatrics (screening for congenital abnormalities such as congenital hip dislocation).

Some ultrasound examinations require prior preparation, such as:

1. Abdominal - fasting for at least 6 hours;
2. Pelvic – Gynecological and Prostatic - via suprapubic - requires prior fluid intake;
3. Joints – sometimes a previous radiographic record is important;
4. Trans-rectal Prostate – intestinal cleansing with an enema 2 hours before the examination.